Background: Early diagnosis of cancer is essential for improving survival rates and reducing disease-related complications. Conventional diagnostic methods often detect cancer at advanced stages, limiting treatment options. Advances in molecular biomarkers and medical imaging have improved the ability to identify cancer at earlier stages and support personalized management strategies.

Aim: This short communication aims to highlight recent advances in molecular biomarkers, radiomics, and imaging techniques and to evaluate their role in the early diagnosis and management of cancer.

Methods: A narrative review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted using major scientific databases. Studies focusing on cancer biomarkers, advanced imaging modalities, radiomics, and personalized treatment planning were analyzed. Key findings were synthesized to provide an overview of current clinical applications and emerging trends.

Results: Molecular biomarkers, including circulating tumour DNA and tumour-specific genetic markers, demonstrated high sensitivity for early cancer detection, monitoring treatment response, and identifying disease recurrence. Advanced imaging techniques such as PET-CT and multiparametric MRI improved tumour localization, staging accuracy, and assessment of therapeutic response. Radiomics enabled extraction of quantitative imaging features that reflect tumour heterogeneity and biological behaviour. Integration of biomarkers and imaging supported individualized treatment planning and enhanced clinical decision-making.

Conclusion: The combined use of molecular biomarkers and advanced imaging techniques represents a significant advancement in precision oncology. This integrated approach enables earlier diagnosis, supports personalized treatment strategies, and has the potential to improve clinical outcomes. Continued validation and standardization are required for broader clinical implementation.

Keywords: Early cancer diagnosis; Molecular biomarkers; Radiomics; Advanced imaging; Precision oncology; Personalized cancer management